Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Pre Service Teachers’ Acceptance, Readiness and Intention to use Artificial Intelligence in Teaching English- Scale Development and Validation

Sourav Choudhury, Anamika Kar, Priya Shukla, Rozina Khatun — Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study developed and validated a scale to measure pre-service teachers’ acceptance, readiness, and intention to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching English. The scale was grounded in three complementary theoretical frameworks: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) for acceptance, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Constructivist Learning Theory for readiness, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for intention. An initial pool of 35 items was generated from established theories and relevant literature. Following face and content validation by six experts, two items were removed based on the Content Validity Index, resulting in a 33-item draft instrument. The scale was then administered to 652 pre-service teachers enrolled in B.Ed. and M.Ed. programmes across six states in India. Item purification led to the deletion of two additional items, producing a final 31-item scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis on one half of the sample and Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the other half supported a clear three-factor structure comprising acceptance, readiness, and intention. The model demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, including strong factor loadings, substantial explained variance, acceptable model fit indices, and high internal consistency reliability (overall Cronbach’s alpha = 0.915). The validated scale offers a comprehensive and reliable instrument for assessing how future teachers perceive and prepare for AI integration in English language teaching. It also provides a useful basis for teacher education institutions, curriculum designers, and policymakers to identify training needs and design targeted interventions for meaningful AI integration in language education.

Financial Performance of ESG-Classified Sustainable Mutual Funds: Evidence from Developing Countries during the COVID-19 Period

Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents a comparative evaluation of ESG-classified sustainable mutual funds and matched conventional mutual funds across eight developing countries. The analysis uses monthly net asset value (NAV) data from Bloomberg, Treasury-bill data from central-bank sources, and Carhart four-factor values from Kenneth R. French’s data library. The sample is restricted to active equity funds with at least six months of available observations; therefore, the findings should be interpreted in light of possible survivorship bias and uneven country-level sample sizes. Rather than directly measuring portfolio-company ESG scores, the study identifies sustainable funds through ESG product classification and compares them with two age-matched conventional funds for each ESG fund. Using raw return comparisons, CAPM alpha, Sharpe ratio, eSDAR, and Carhart’s four-factor model, the study finds no uniform performance premium or penalty for ESG-classified funds across developing markets. The relative difference portfolios generally do not show statistically significant alphas after controlling for market, size, value, and momentum factors, although some ESG portfolios display significant absolute abnormal returns against their national benchmarks. During the COVID-19 period from March 2020 to February 2022, ESG-classified funds in China, Indonesia, and South Africa performed more favourably than their matched conventional peers, while Brazil and Thailand showed weaker market-adjusted performance. The results, therefore, support a country-specific and cautious interpretation: ESG classification may be associated with resilience in some developing markets, but it should not be treated as evidence of a general ESG performance advantage.

Teachers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Education in Oman

Mohammed Abdullah Al-Nofli, Osama Ragab Ibrahim, Khalid Al Kalbani — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is increasingly considered to be a global threat to the environment and human activities. Therefore, raising awareness of climate change and incorporating it into the educational curriculum is crucial. This study investigated social studies and science teachers’ perceptions of various aspects of climate change education in Oman. Data were collected from 311 social studies and science teachers (Grades 5-12) using an online survey. The results showed that teachers agreed on many statements regarding climate change, including that climate change is happening; that human activities are the main cause of climate change, that there are risks of climate change for Oman, and that learning about climate change is important for students. The instructional methods most commonly used by teachers in both groups were discussion, current events, and small groups. On the other hand, the least used instructional methods were inviting climate experts/speakers to the classroom, field trips, and debates. Less emphasis was placed on certain teaching resources, such as geographical information systems and remote sensing. The study identified several challenges and opportunities related to teaching climate change. No statistically significant differences were found between social studies and science teachers’ perceptions of climate change education except in terms of teaching resources and opportunities for teaching climate change, which were significantly higher among social studies teachers. The findings of this study offer valuable information for curriculum developers on climate change education.

Performance Management Systems, Leadership, and Digital Maturity on Organizational Performance: A Multi-group SEM Approach

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates how performance management systems, performance management practices, leadership style, organizational culture, top management support, and digital maturity influence organizational performance in the Indian information technology sector. Although prior studies have examined these variables independently, limited research has integrated them within a single framework while also comparing their effects across multinational corporations and local start-up firms. Addressing this gap, the present study develops and tests a comparative model using multi-group structural equation modeling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 371 employees, including 192 respondents from multinational corporations and 179 respondents from start-ups. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and overall model fit. The structural results reveal that organizational culture and the strategic alignment of performance management systems are the most consistent and significant predictors of organizational performance across both organizational contexts. Leadership style exerts a significant positive influence in multinational corporations, indicating the importance of structured leadership in formalized organizational settings. In contrast, performance management practices show a negative effect in start-ups, suggesting that excessive formalization may constrain flexibility, responsiveness, and innovation in entrepreneurial environments. Top management support and digital maturity do not show significant direct effects, implying that their contributions may operate indirectly through broader organizational mechanisms. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of management practices is strongly context dependent. The study contributes to performance management literature by offering an integrated and comparative perspective and provides practical guidance for managers seeking to design context-sensitive strategies that improve organizational performance in diverse IT environments.

Drivers of Foreign Brand Aspirations: A Moderated SEM Analysis of Luxury Car Consumption in Emerging Markets

Dineshkumar M, Yoganandan G, Nithya N — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Understanding the drivers of purchase intention toward foreign branded automobiles has become increasingly important in emerging markets characterized by rapid economic growth and evolving consumer aspirations. This study investigates how cognitive, social, and value-based factors shape consumer responses toward foreign car brands by applying the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework. Data were collected from foreign branded car owners across southern India and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Environmental concern, perceived economic benefits, social influence, perceived price and performance expectancy were examined as stimuli, while Attitude represented the organismic evaluation process. The study further explored the moderating roles of gender, brand trust, and word-of-mouth in the attitude–repurchase intention relationship. Findings reveal that while cognitive and social factors significantly shape attitudes, these attitudes do not directly translate into repurchase intention. Instead, Brand Trust functions as a critical psychological mechanism, significantly moderating and strengthening the conversion of favorable attitudes into behavioral commitment in luxury consumption contexts. The study contributes to consumer behavior and international branding literature by highlighting the conditional nature of attitude–intention relationships in high-involvement luxury consumption contexts within emerging economies.

Entrepreneurial Clusters and Knowledge Spillovers in North-East India: A Regional Innovation Perspective

Aparajeeta Borkakoty, Saptadweepa Shandilya, Angana Borah, Upasana Borpujari — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study puts forward a conceptual analysis of place-based or clustered growth of entrepreneurship activities as an integral determinant of a sound entrepreneurial ecosystem. These clusters lead to information diffusion of social and cultural capital due to spatial proximity. Based on an exploratory research technique, the study talks about entrepreneurial innovations resulting from cooperation and knowledge transfers in clusters. Taking a cue from the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship (KSTE), entrepreneurial clusters as sources of knowledge spillover, as well as the spinoffs, are discussed in the paper. An understanding of industrial clusters across traditional handlooms, agricultural and food products, etc., in the North-East Region (NER) of India has also been attempted here. History and available literature reiterate the concept of the existence of regionalisation, more so in a developing economy. Therefore, the paper provides a conceptual overview of the variation that exists across developed and developing economies with regard to entrepreneurial ecosystem, clusters and knowledge flow.

Institutional and Public Communication on the Russian-Ukrainian War: Between Journalism and Documentation

Lysenko Lesia — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Russian-Ukrainian war has impacted the field of war journalism, in which user-generated audiovisual content has become an important tool for capturing, interpreting, and disseminating the experience of war. The study aimed to study the cultural and historical aspects of military journalism in Ukraine based on a qualitative analysis of audiovisual content. At the same time, the study is based on a qualitative content analysis of video materials shared on social networks (YouTube, TikTok, Twitter (X)) by civilians, military personnel and public activists. For this purpose, an intersectoral approach was used, which made it possible to identify the main differences in the methods of presenting military events and their cultural and historical significance. The analysis showed that the user narratives reflected the themes of patriotism, historical memory, solidarity, humor and gender aspects. It was found that civilians most often focused on personal trauma and loss, the military on collective resilience and heroism, while activists emphasized international support and cultural mobilization. The symbols that appeared in the video (positive images, city ruins, everyday objects, images of defenders) formed a new level of cultural representation of the war. Thus, the article demonstrated that UGC is not just an alternative source of information, but an important cultural resource that influences the development of military journalism and contributes to the construction of Ukrainian identity.

Green Human Resource Management in Hospitality: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Mapping of Themes, Trends, and Emerging Frontiers

Devashish Pandey, Jitendra Singh, Garima Saxena — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has become an important mechanism for introducing sustainability in labour intensive service sectors like hospitality where environmental action is strongly influenced by employee behaviours. Despite the rapid growth of scholarly work, GHRM research that focuses on hospitality is conceptually fragmented and insufficiently interpreted using established theoretical frameworks. Addressing this gap, the present study intentionally addresses the intellectual structure and conceptual evolution of the GHRM research in the hospitality industry using an integrated Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) and Resource-Based View (RBV). A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 305 publications indexed in Scopus (2008-2025) has been conducted using performance analysis, co-occurrence keyword mapping, thematic mapping, thematic evolution analysis and factorial analysis The result of these findings shows a clear maturation trajectory in which early studies mainly focused on ability-enhancing mechanisms such as green training, followed by a growing focus on motivational constructs such as green creativity and work engagement, and more recently on opportunity-enhancing mechanisms such as green transformational leadership and psychological green climate, reflecting full AMO system activation. Concurrently, thematic consolidation around sustainability performance, green innovation, and competitive advantage is indicative of the positioning of GHRM as a strategic organisational capability in line with RBV logic. However, the integration of leadership and long-term capability development is relatively under-theorised. By going beyond descriptive science mapping and integrating bibliometric findings into a strong theoretical framework, this research offers a theory-driven synthesis to enhance conceptual understanding and further cumulative knowledge development in sustainable hospitality research.

Development and Evaluation of Computational Thinking Based Mathematics E-Comics for Enhancing Numeracy Skills in Junior High School Students

Gunawan, Azhyzhah Noer Utami, Ferry Ferdianto, Fauzi Mulyatna, Lukmanul Akhsani — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Numeracy skills are needed to understand, apply, interpret, and solve contextual and complex problems. This is necessary because the process of solving problems in mathematics requires computational thinking steps. Therefore, this research aims to produce computational thinking-based e-comics to improve numeracy skills with a focus on students in grade VII of Junior High School. A research and development (R&D) design with the ADDIE model consisting of various stages such as analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation was applied. The research population is seventh grade junior high school students and the sample used is two classes of seventh grade, each totaling 32 people. The evaluation stage applied a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. One class as an experimental class implementing computational thinking-based e-comics learning while the other class as a control class with interactive PowerPoint-assisted learning. The data collection methods used include interviews, student needs analysis questionnaires, validation and response questionnaires, numeracy test questions, and documentation. Moreover, the descriptive data retrieved from material and media experts were validated through validation sheets. Practicality analysis is also applied to teacher and student responses to the questionnaire sheets. The effectiveness analysis applies statistical procedures for normality tests, homogeneity, and statistical covariance analysis tests (ANCOVA). The results of expert validation showed an average of 84.79% which was categorized as valid. The practicality test also produced an average of 83% for the responses of the teachers and students which was classified as practical. Furthermore, the data showed normal and homogeneous categories. The ANCOVA test showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The research findings prove that the developed computational thinking-based e-comics effectively had a positive effect on improving students' numeracy skills. The research findings provide implications for innovation in enjoyable learning processes and teacher professional development.

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge as a Predictor of Metacognitive Skills among Secondary School Teachers in India

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the influence of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) on the metacognitive skills of secondary school teachers in Odisha and explores differences in TPACK and metacognitive skills by gender and teaching experience. The study employed a descriptive survey design. The sample consisted of 606 government secondary school teachers in Odisha, selected through a multistage sampling technique. To examine the impact of TPACK on metacognitive skills and the significant differences in metacognitive skills and TPACK by gender and teaching experience, two standardized tools, namely a TPACK questionnaire and a metacognitive skills scale, were used. The reliability coefficients of the TPACK instrument and the metacognitive skills scale were 0.869 and 0.928, respectively. The statistical techniques used in this study were the t-test, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed significant differences in TPACK and metacognitive skills based on gender and teaching experience. Male teachers outperformed female teachers in both TPACK and metacognitive skills, while less experienced teachers had higher TPACK scores and more experienced teachers demonstrated stronger metacognitive skills. Regression analysis showed that TPACK is a significant predictor of metacognitive skills, suggesting a positive relationship between teachers' ability to integrate technology into pedagogy and their metacognitive skills. This study examined the influence of TPACK on the metacognitive skills of secondary school teachers in the Indian context, and the development and standardization of two tools, namely a TPACK questionnaire and a metacognitive skills scale, constitute the unique contribution of this study.

Culturally-Inspired Digital Comics to Enhance Indonesian Cultural Literacy among Thai Learners

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Learning a new culture can be challenging for foreign students, especially when instructional materials fail to connect with their experiences. This study explores how Indonesian culture-oriented digital comics can support Thai learners in developing cultural literacy. A purposive sample of 240 students from Thaksin University participated in the study, engaging with the comics as part of their learning activities. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, expert validation, and cultural literacy assessments, and analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that the digital comics were highly valid (CVI = 0.95) and practical (practicality rating = 89.8%), and they significantly improved students’ cultural literacy. Regression analysis further revealed that the comics accounted for 68.1% of the variation in students’ cultural literacy gains (R² = 0.681). These findings suggest that culturally-inspired digital comics not only serve as effective learning tools for BIPA students but also offer an engaging and adaptable approach to cross-cultural education. The study encourages further development of digital learning resources that are culturally responsive and learner-centered.

Determinants of Users’ intention to Adopt Central Bank Digital Currency in India: An Extended UTAUT Model with Mediating Role of Adoption Likelihood

August Keshav, Ashish Ranjan Sinha — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the influence of awareness, digital financial literacy, adequate digital infrastructure, and UPI’s integration on users’ intention to use Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), with likelihood of adoption as a mediating variable. This study utilized the UTAUT framework along with extension. Data were collected by utilizing convenience and snowball sampling from 415 respondents across the Eastern Region of India. The study has employed Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the data, utilizing bootstrapping of 5000 samples to assess the path results. A significant influence of awareness, digital financial literacy, adequate digital infrastructure, and UPI’s integration in fostering likelihood of adoption and a strong relationship between likelihood of adoption and users’ intention was observed. It confirms that the likelihood of adoption significantly mediates the relationship between the established constructs and users’ intention to use CBDC. This study contributes to both theoretical and practical aspects by identifying the likelihood of adoption as a key factor in gathering behavioural intention. It provides policymakers with an opportunity to address concerns related to digital financial literacy, adequate digital infrastructure, and UPI integration to strengthen users’ adoption and usage of CBDC, ultimately leading to a more inclusive and efficient digital economy.

Global Trends in E-Banking Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

Jyoti Kumari, Praveen Singh, Amar Johri, Moin Uddin — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Electronic banking, or "e-banking," has become a crucial component of the contemporary banking sector, revolutionising the way both private citizens and commercial entities conduct financial transactions. Researchers need to comprehend the changing trends in e-banking research to stay up to date and recognise new areas of inquiry. The goal of this paper is to find patterns and trends in the e-banking research literature by performing a bibliometric analysis of the literature. This research attempts to gain insights into the development of research, influential authors and institutions, emerging topics, and collaboration patterns by analysing citation networks, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence. The main academic databases, Scopus, were thoroughly searched. Over the previous ten years, e-banking research has steadily increased, according to the analysis. The numerous report kinds with the most pertinent words, authors, affiliations, etc., are among the key findings. The results offer precise into the current body of knowledge and lay the groundwork for further investigation. This thorough summary of e-banking research trends is offered by this bibliometric analysis. The results draw attention to the different reports and the annual rise in the number of studies. In the end, these discoveries can help practitioners and researchers identify areas of cooperation and future research directions, advancing the field of e-banking and related fields. The keywords "banking and financial services," "electronic services & e-finance," "consumer behaviour," "mobile services," "risk," and "cryptocurrency" were used to search the Scopus database for relevant content.

Generativity and Teacher Engagement in the Digital Society: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial and Institutional Dimensions

Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The generativity emerges as a construct closely linked to teaching, becoming a protective factor for teacher well-being and engagement. However, studies on the relationship between generativity and teacher engagement are still incipient. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the development of generativity and work engagement among teachers within the framework of a digital society. Method: A systematic review was conducted under PRISMA guidelines, encompassing empirical articles published up to 2025, that addressed the relationship between generativity and teacher work engagement. A total of 6,664 records were identified through database searching. After duplicate removal, 6,539 records were screened by title and abstract, of which 6,419 were excluded. The remaining 120 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results: The analysis of the research included in this systematic review indicates that there are factors that influence the potentially generative development of teachers, manifested in three dimensions: a) Personal dimension; b) Organizational dimension; and c) teaching transformations in the digital society. Discussion: Teacher generativity emerges as a relevant, though still underestimated, psychosocial resource for understanding work engagement, the construction of teacher identity, and the revaluation of teaching in the digital society. Likewise, teacher generativity is linked to reflective competencies such as emotional intelligence, autonomy, and resilience, enabling teachers to cope with scenarios of uncertainty and innovation. While the digital dimension remains underexplored, generative dispositions may equip teachers to navigate technological change. This gap highlights an urgent need for research on generativity and engagement in the digital era.